Most of the time, polio has no symptoms unless the polio virus gets into the blood. Poliomyelitis is first known to have occurred nearly 6000 years ago, as evidenced by the withered and deformed limbs of certain egyptian mummies. Gejala ini timbul 12 hari kadangkadang diikuti penyembuhan sementara untuk kemudian remisi demam atau masuk kedalam fase ke2 dengan nyeri otot. After the acute phase, the disease is not communicable to others. Poliomyelitis mostly affects children up to 15 years of age, but can affect adults too. It summarizes programmatic, epidemiological and financial challenges to achieving a lasting poliofree world. Poliomyelitis knowledge for medical students and physicians. A highly infectious viral disease that chiefly affects children and, in its acute forms, causes inflammation of. Tremendous progress has been made, yet polio persists years after the launch of the global polio eradication initiatives initial goal.
Gejala klinik hamper sama dengan poliomyelitis abortif, hanya nyeri kepala, nausea dan muntah lebih hebat. Poliomyelitis simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Manual for the surveillance of vaccinepreventable diseases. Awalnya berupa gejala abortif diikuti dengan membaiknya keadaan selama 17 hari.
It finds a mention even in ancient egyptian paintings and carvings. Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a virus that causes a serious disease. Poliovirus, an enterovirus with antigenic types 1,2,3. Since poliomyelitis does not affect the brain, the intellectual ability of children with poliomyelitis remains intact. Whoeurope certification of poliomyelitis eradication. Symptomatic cases are typically characterized by two phases the first, a nonspecific febrile illness, is followed in a small percentage of cases by aseptic meningitis andor paralytic disease. The incidence of poliomyelitis in the united states declined rapidly after the licensure of inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv in 1955 and live oral polio vaccine opv in the 1960s. Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus belonging to the picornaviridae family. Walaupun kebanyakan poliomyelitis tidak jelas inapparent 9095%. The polio virus enters the body through the mouth, usually from hands contaminated with the stool. Universal vaccination in early childhood is the best way to prevent and eradicate. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Poliomyelitis is an urgent notifiable condition that must be notified immediately to the department by medical practitioners and pathology services. Polio was a deadly disease that struck the united states hard with various epidemic breakouts throughout the country.
The clinical features are varied ranging from mild cases of respiratory illness, gastroenteritis, and malaise to severe forms of paralysis. In order to successfully pass the quiz, you should be. Acute poliomyelitis is a disease of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem caused by poliovirus. It is uncommon for the virus to enter the brain or spinal cord. There are many books written about the disease and how it was controlled. Polio was one of the most dreaded childhood diseases of the 20th century in the united states. Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus of high infectivity whose main route of infection is via the human gastrointestinal tract.
Flaccid asymmetric weakness and muscle atrophy are the hallmarks of its clinical manifestations, due to loss of motor neurons and denervation of. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. Polio is a wellresearched topic in todays medical world but in this book, heather green wooten, takes it. Polio was epidemic in the united states and the world in the 20th century, especially in the 1940s and 1950s. Jun 04, 2005 poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus of high infectivity whose main route of infection is via the human gastrointestinal tract. This quiz and worksheet set allows you to evaluate your knowledge of the polio virus and its characteristics.
Poliovirus infection page 1 poliovirus infection 1. A public health effort to permanently eliminate all cases of poliomyelitis polio infection around the world began in 1988, led by the world health organization who, the united nations childrens fund unicef and the rotary foundation. Etiologi penyebab poliomielitis family pecornavirus dan. Mortalitas tinggi terutama pada poliomyelitis tipe paralitik,disebabkan oleh komplikasi berupa kegagalan nafas,sedangkan untuk tipe ringan tidak dilaporkan adanya kematian. One in 200 infected cases end up with irreversible paralysis. In this unique meeting, based on careful consideration of all of the. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by poliovirus, an enterovirus. Initial clinical characteristics include fever, sore throat, headache, and vomiting, often with stiffness of the neck and back. Dec 24, 2015 poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis it is caused by infection with the poliovirus which can be spread by direct persontoperson contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces.
Poliomyelitis genetic and rare diseases information center. Oct 30, 2019 acute poliomyelitis is a disease of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem caused by poliovirus. Poliomyelitis article about poliomyelitis by the free. Poliomyelitis chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. In 1988, the 41st world health assembly wha declared a goal to eradicate polio by 2000. Gejala klinisnya sama seperti poliomyelitis non paralitik. It was not until the 1950s that a vaccine became available. Cara pengumpulan data data yang dikumpulkan dalam penyusunan makalah pada klien dengan polio diperoleh dari berbagai studi literatur terbaru yang ada.
According to who, endemic transmission of polio, however, continues to occur. In 2016 the formulation of the vaccine was altered to remove the eradicated type 2 poliovirus. Surveillance manual polio vaccine preventable diseases. Most infections cause mild disease, however, the virus can affect the cells of the central nervous system causing paralysis.
Acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss. Pengertian poliomielitis adalah penyakit menular yang akut disebabkan oleh virus dengan predileksi pada sel anterior massa kelabu sumsum tulang belakang dan inti motorik batang otak, dan akibat kerusakan bagian susunan syaraf tersebut akan terjadi kelumpuhan serta autropi otot. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc and the gates foundation, have spearheaded the campaign through. The last cases of indigenously acquired polio in the united states occurred in 1979 and in the americas in 1991.
Despite a strong commitment to poliomyelitis eradication, pakistan continues to experience widespread poliovirus circulation. It is spread from person to person most of the time, polio has no symptoms unless the polio virus gets into the blood. Poliomyelitis is a rare condition in the western world consequent to the introduction of the polio vaccine, which is routinely administered during childhood, although the disease occasionally can occur as a result of the live attenuated vaccine itself. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada temanteman, dosendosen dan narasumber pada saat proses pembelajaran kuliah pakar yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis dan temanteman. The majority of polio infections are either inapparent or present as a nonspecific febrile illness. Poliomyelitis eradication an overview sciencedirect topics.
The term infantile paralysis was originally coined due to the propensity of the virus to affect children. Most vaccineassociated cases are due to type 3 or 2. Berdasarkan uraian di atas penulis tertarik untuk membuat makalah tentang polio. It is caused by infection with the poliovirus which can be spread by direct persontoperson contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces. Recovery after poliomyelitis takes place in three stages.
There are three subtypes of poliovirus, but, before the introduction of vaccine, type 1 accounted for 85% of paralytic disease. Chronic anterior poliomyelitis definition of chronic. There were about,000 to 20,000 cases of paralytic polio. Poliomyelitis pm is an infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus pv. The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a disease caused by poliovirus, a type of human enterovirus. Following the introduction of polio vaccine there has been a dramatic decrease in polio infection in australia. For surveillance purposes, the who and the european centre for disease prevention and control ecdc have approved clinical, laboratory and epidemiological criteria for defining poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis, paralytic definition of poliomyelitis. Pdf makalah ini merupakan materi pendamping bahan ajar mata kuliah keperawatan gawat darurat ii semester vii yang berisi asuhan keperawatan pada klien. Acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or.
Poliomyelitis, paralytic synonyms, poliomyelitis, paralytic pronunciation, poliomyelitis, paralytic translation, english dictionary definition of poliomyelitis, paralytic. If this does happen, it can cause muscles to become paralyzed. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious disease caused by 3 serotypes of poliovirus. Poliomyelitis, paralytic case definition 2010 cste position statement number.
Polio is a viral disease which may affect the spinal cord causing muscle weakness and paralysis. Eradication of polio has been defined in various waysas elimination of the occurrence of poliomyelitis even in the absence of human intervention, as extinction of poliovirus, such that the infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory, as control of an infection to the point at which transmission of the disease ceased within a. Poliomyelitis definition of poliomyelitis by medical dictionary. Although the majority of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic, some may invade the central nervous system, leading to motor neuron death and irreversible paralysis that can cause respiratory insufficiency and death. It may proceed to the blood stream and into the central. Type 1 is most often the etiologic agent in paralytic illnesses, type 3 less so and type 2 least commonly. Management of poliomyelitis world health organization. Makalah ini disusun untuk menyelesaikan tugas block nursing 1 sebagai salah satu persyaratan mengikuti ujian block nantinya. This report provides an update on the status of the four objectives of the polio eradication and endgame strategic plan. Poliomyelitis definition of poliomyelitis by medical. Jun 19, 2018 poliomyelitis is first known to have occurred nearly 6000 years ago, as evidenced by the withered and deformed limbs of certain egyptian mummies. The disease, which causes paralysis, can strike at any age but mainly affects children under three years of age.
Poliomyelitis, paralytic article about poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis or polio is an infection caused by polioviruses. Poliomyelitis genetic and rare diseases information. The last known case of type 2 poliomyelitis occurred in 1999, and that of type 3 in 2012. Nevertheless, the potential for importation of wild poliovirus into the united states remains until worldwide poliomyelitis eradication is achieved. Poliomyelitis polio frequently asked questions what is polio. Mandatory surveillance of all cases of afp even nonpolio is a part of the who strategy to monitor the effectiveness of the reporting system.