Poliomyelitis, paralytic case definition 2010 cste position statement number. Polio is a contagious disease caused by a virus that lives in the throat and digestive tract and invades the nervous system. Poliomyelitis polio frequently asked questions what is polio. Jun 04, 2005 poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus of high infectivity whose main route of infection is via the human gastrointestinal tract. Manual for the surveillance of vaccinepreventable diseases.
Recovery after poliomyelitis takes place in three stages. A separate report on the ongoing process to develop a strategic. Poliomyelitis definition of poliomyelitis by medical dictionary. There are many books written about the disease and how it was controlled. Gejala ini timbul 12 hari kadangkadang diikuti penyembuhan sementara untuk kemudian remisi demam atau masuk kedalam fase ke2 dengan nyeri otot.
Flaccid asymmetric weakness and muscle atrophy are the hallmarks of its clinical manifestations, due to loss of motor neurons and denervation of their associated skeletal muscles. Mandatory surveillance of all cases of afp even nonpolio is a part of the who strategy to monitor the effectiveness of the reporting system. Poliomyelitis pm is an infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus pv. It was not until the 1950s that a vaccine became available. Cara pengumpulan data data yang dikumpulkan dalam penyusunan makalah pada klien dengan polio diperoleh dari berbagai studi literatur terbaru yang ada. Most infections cause mild disease, however, the virus can affect the cells of the central nervous system causing paralysis. Poliomyelitis is first known to have occurred nearly 6000 years ago, as evidenced by the withered and deformed limbs of certain egyptian mummies. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc and the gates foundation, have spearheaded the campaign through. It summarizes programmatic, epidemiological and financial challenges to achieving a lasting poliofree world. Type 1 is most often the etiologic agent in paralytic illnesses, type 3 less so and type 2 least commonly. Poliomyelitis is an urgent notifiable condition that must be notified immediately to the department by medical practitioners and pathology services.
Although the majority of poliovirus infections are asymptomatic, some may invade the central nervous system, leading to motor neuron death and irreversible paralysis that can cause respiratory insufficiency and death. Poliomyelitis or polio is an infection caused by polioviruses. It is caused by infection with the poliovirus which can be spread by direct persontoperson contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces. Makalah ini disusun untuk menyelesaikan tugas block nursing 1 sebagai salah satu persyaratan mengikuti ujian block nantinya.
The weakness most often involves the legs, but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head, neck and diaphragm. Eradication of polio has been defined in various waysas elimination of the occurrence of poliomyelitis even in the absence of human intervention, as extinction of poliovirus, such that the infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory, as control of an infection to the point at which transmission of the disease ceased within a. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Dec 24, 2015 poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis it is caused by infection with the poliovirus which can be spread by direct persontoperson contact, by contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, or by contact with infected feces. Gejala klinisnya sama seperti poliomyelitis non paralitik. Poliomyelitis mostly affects children up to 15 years of age, but can affect adults too. Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a virus that causes a serious disease. Awalnya berupa gejala abortif diikuti dengan membaiknya keadaan selama 17 hari.
Poliomyelitis genetic and rare diseases information. Following the introduction of polio vaccine there has been a dramatic decrease in polio infection in australia. Polio was a deadly disease that struck the united states hard with various epidemic breakouts throughout the country. There were about,000 to 20,000 cases of paralytic polio. Initial clinical characteristics include fever, sore throat, headache, and vomiting, often with stiffness of the neck and back. Berdasarkan uraian di atas penulis tertarik untuk membuat makalah tentang polio. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. Poliomyelitis article about poliomyelitis by the free. Gejala klinik hamper sama dengan poliomyelitis abortif, hanya nyeri kepala, nausea dan muntah lebih hebat. Etiologi penyebab poliomielitis family pecornavirus dan. Polio is a viral disease which may affect the spinal cord causing muscle weakness and paralysis. Management of poliomyelitis world health organization. In 1997, pakistan reported 1147 poliomyelitis cases, accounting for 22% of all poliomyelitis cases reported worldwide and 91% of the total cases reported by the world health organizations 23country eastern mediterranean region 1, 2.
The majority of polio infections are either inapparent or present as a nonspecific febrile illness. It is spread from person to person most of the time, polio has no symptoms unless the polio virus gets into the blood. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada temanteman, dosendosen dan narasumber pada saat proses pembelajaran kuliah pakar yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis dan temanteman. Mortalitas tinggi terutama pada poliomyelitis tipe paralitik,disebabkan oleh komplikasi berupa kegagalan nafas,sedangkan untuk tipe ringan tidak dilaporkan adanya kematian. The polio virus enters the body through the mouth, usually from hands contaminated with the stool. Walaupun kebanyakan poliomyelitis tidak jelas inapparent 9095%. A public health effort to permanently eliminate all cases of poliomyelitis polio infection around the world began in 1988, led by the world health organization who, the united nations childrens fund unicef and the rotary foundation. Pdf makalah ini merupakan materi pendamping bahan ajar mata kuliah keperawatan gawat darurat ii semester vii yang berisi asuhan keperawatan pada klien. Most of the time, polio has no symptoms unless the polio virus gets into the blood. Acute poliomyelitis is a disease of the anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord and brain stem caused by poliovirus.
This report provides an update on the status of the four objectives of the polio eradication and endgame strategic plan. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by poliovirus, an enterovirus. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious disease caused by 3 serotypes of poliovirus. Jun 19, 2018 poliomyelitis is first known to have occurred nearly 6000 years ago, as evidenced by the withered and deformed limbs of certain egyptian mummies. In this unique meeting, based on careful consideration of all of the. Polio was epidemic in the united states and the world in the 20th century, especially in the 1940s and 1950s. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. For surveillance purposes, the who and the european centre for disease prevention and control ecdc have approved clinical, laboratory and epidemiological criteria for defining poliomyelitis. The clinical features are varied ranging from mild cases of respiratory illness, gastroenteritis, and malaise to severe forms of paralysis.
Since the 1988 declaration of the world health assembly to target poliomyelitis for eradication, poliomyelitis cases have decreased by more than 99%, and more than 125 endemic countries around the time have been reduced to three world health organization, 2012. Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus of high infectivity whose main route of infection is via the human gastrointestinal tract. One in 200 infected cases end up with irreversible paralysis. Poliomyelitis is a rare condition in the western world consequent to the introduction of the polio vaccine, which is routinely administered during childhood, although the disease occasionally can occur as a result of the live attenuated vaccine itself. Acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or cognitive loss.
It may proceed to the blood stream and into the central. The incidence of poliomyelitis in the united states declined rapidly after the licensure of inactivated poliovirus vaccine ipv in 1955 and live oral polio vaccine opv in the 1960s. Poliomyelitis definition of poliomyelitis by medical. It is uncommon for the virus to enter the brain or spinal cord. This quiz and worksheet set allows you to evaluate your knowledge of the polio virus and its characteristics.
The last known case of type 2 poliomyelitis occurred in 1999, and that of type 3 in 2012. Poliomyelitis knowledge for medical students and physicians. The last cases of indigenously acquired polio in the united states occurred in 1979 and in the americas in 1991. Surveillance manual polio vaccine preventable diseases. A highly infectious viral disease that chiefly affects children and, in its acute forms, causes inflammation of. Since poliomyelitis does not affect the brain, the intellectual ability of children with poliomyelitis remains intact. Pengertian poliomielitis adalah penyakit menular yang akut disebabkan oleh virus dengan predileksi pada sel anterior massa kelabu sumsum tulang belakang dan inti motorik batang otak, dan akibat kerusakan bagian susunan syaraf tersebut akan terjadi kelumpuhan serta autropi otot. There are three subtypes of poliovirus, but, before the introduction of vaccine, type 1 accounted for 85% of paralytic disease. Poliovirus infection page 1 poliovirus infection 1. Poliomyelitis eradication an overview sciencedirect topics. Poliomyelitis, or polio, is a disease caused by poliovirus, a type of human enterovirus. The disease, which causes paralysis, can strike at any age but mainly affects children under three years of age.
Nevertheless, the potential for importation of wild poliovirus into the united states remains until worldwide poliomyelitis eradication is achieved. In order to successfully pass the quiz, you should be. Whoeurope certification of poliomyelitis eradication. After the acute phase, the disease is not communicable to others. Poliomyelitis genetic and rare diseases information center. Polio is a wellresearched topic in todays medical world but in this book, heather green wooten, takes it. Most vaccineassociated cases are due to type 3 or 2. Despite a strong commitment to poliomyelitis eradication, pakistan continues to experience widespread poliovirus circulation. According to who, endemic transmission of polio, however, continues to occur. The term infantile paralysis was originally coined due to the propensity of the virus to affect children.
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is a virally induced infectious disease which spreads via the fecaloral route. Poliomyelitis simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Poliomyelitis chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers. Acute onset of a flaccid paralysis of one or more limbs with decreased or absent tendon reflexes in the affected limbs, without other apparent cause, and without sensory or. Universal vaccination in early childhood is the best way to prevent and eradicate. Tremendous progress has been made, yet polio persists years after the launch of the global polio eradication initiatives initial goal. Chronic anterior poliomyelitis definition of chronic. Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus belonging to the picornaviridae family. Poliomyelitis, paralytic synonyms, poliomyelitis, paralytic pronunciation, poliomyelitis, paralytic translation, english dictionary definition of poliomyelitis, paralytic. Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Polio was one of the most dreaded childhood diseases of the 20th century in the united states. Surveillance manual polio vaccine preventable diseases cdc.